Germany continues to rely heavily on China for rare earth imports, even as demand for these materials grows across high-tech industries.
According to the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), more than half of Germany’s imported rare earths came from China in 2025. China accounted for 55.4% of the total import volume, equal to around 3,000 tonnes.
Rare earths are essential for producing key technologies such as batteries, semiconductors and electric motors. These materials are not widely mined in Germany or across the European Union, making imports necessary to support industrial production.
Germany imported 5,500 tonnes of rare earths in 2025. This was a 4.9% increase compared to 2024, when imports stood at 5,200 tonnes. The total value also rose from €64.5 million to €77.6 million.
Despite the increase, import levels remain below earlier peaks. In 2018, Germany imported 9,700 tonnes of rare earths.
China’s share of Germany’s imports has declined compared to the previous year. In 2024, China accounted for 65.4% of imports. The drop in 2025 suggests some diversification, although China remains the dominant supplier.
Other countries also play a role in Germany’s supply chain. Austria was the second-largest source in 2025, accounting for 20.0% of imports, followed by Estonia with 10.9%. These countries mainly process rare earths, and the original source of the materials is not always clear.
The reliance on China is not limited to Germany. Across the European Union, China remains the largest supplier of rare earths. In 2025, the EU imported 15,100 tonnes of rare earths, with 46.8% coming from China.
Other major suppliers to the EU include Russia and Malaysia. Russia accounted for 25.9% of imports, while Malaysia contributed 23.1%.
For some materials, dependence on China is even higher. Lanthan compounds are one example. In 2025, 97.3% of the EU’s imports of these compounds came from China.
The data shows that while Europe is increasing imports and exploring alternative sources, China remains central to the supply chain. As demand for electric vehicles, renewable energy and advanced electronics continues to grow, access to rare earths will remain a key issue for industry and policymakers.
Shahriena Shukri is a journalist covering business and economic news in Malaysia, providing insights on market trends, corporate developments, and financial policies. More about Shahriena Shukri
